Elections under digital pressure

This is an automatic English translation of the Dutch original.

The Netherlands went to the polls on 29 October 2025. Led by Post-X Society, a consortium of researchers and civil-society organisations monitored the integrity of the election process.

We saw troll armies, illegal Generative AI (GenAI) content, covert political advertising, extremist content being recommended, disinformation about electoral fraud, failing moderation by platforms and other threats.

Our interim publications led to action from candidates, platforms, governments and members of parliament.

In our final report we recommend urgent action to increase transparency, hold actors accountable and improve monitoring.

Hybrid Election Integrity Observatory final report parliamentary elections 2025